What Is An Otolaryngologist?
Otolaryngology (pronounced oh/toe/lair/in/goll/oh/jee) is the oldest
medical specialty in the United States. Otolaryngologists are physicians
trained in the medical and surgical management and treatment of patients
with diseases and disorders of the ear, nose, throat (ENT), and related
structures of the head and neck. They are commonly referred to as
ENT physicians.
Their special skills include diagnosing and managing diseases of
the sinuses, larynx (voice box), oral cavity, and upper pharynx (mouth
and throat), as well as structures of the neck and face. Otolaryngologists
diagnose, treat, and manage specialty-specific disorders as well as
many primary care problems in both children and adults.
What Do Otolarygologists Treat?
The Ears-Hearing loss affects one
in ten North Americans. The unique domain of otolaryngologists is the
treatment of ear disorders. They are trained in both the medical and
surgical treatment of hearing, ear infections, balance disorders, ear
noise (tinnitus), nerve pain, and facial and cranial nerve disorders.
They also manage congenital (birth) disorders of the outer and inner
ear.
The Nose-About 35 million people
develop chronic sinusitis each year, making it one of the most common
health complaints in America. Care of the nasal cavity and sinuses
is one of the primary skills of otolaryngologists. Management of the
nasal area includes allergies and sense of smell. Breathing through,
and the appearance of, the nose are also part of otolaryngologists'
expertise.
The Throat-Communicating (speech
and singing) and eating a meal all involve this vital area. Also specific
to otolaryngologists is expertise in managing diseases of the larynx
(voice box) and the upper aero-digestive tract or esophagus, including
voice and swallowing disorders.
The Head and Neck-This center
of the body includes the important nerves that control sight, smell,
hearing, and the face. In the head and neck area, otolaryngologists
are trained to treat infectious diseases, both benign and malignant
(cancerous) tumors, facial trauma, and deformities of the face. They
perform both cosmetic plastic and reconstructive surgery.
Training and Patient Care
Otolaryngologists are ready to start practicing after completing
up to 15 years of college and post-graduate training. To qualify for
certification by the American Board of Otolaryngology, an applicant
must first complete college, medical school (usually four years),
and at least five years of specialty training. Next, the physician
must pass the American Board of Otolaryngology examination.
What makes otolaryngologists the most appropriate physicians to treat
disorders of the ears, nose, throat, and related structures of the
head and neck?
These specialists differ from many physicians in that they are trained
in both medicine and surgery. Otolaryngologists do not need to refer
patients to other physicians when ear, nose, throat, or head/neck
surgery is needed and, therefore, can offer the most appropriate care
for each individual patient.
Diagnosis and Treatment in Seven Areas of
Expertise
Allergy: treatment by medication,
immunotherapy (allergy shots) and/or avoidance of pollen, dust, mold,
food, and other sensitivities that affect the ear, nose, and throat.
Examples: hay fever, seasonal and perennial rhinitis, chronic sinusitis,
laryngitis, sore throat, otitis media, dizziness.
Otology/Neurotology: diseases
of the ear, including trauma (injury), cancer, and nerve pathway disorders,
which affect hearing and balance.
Examples: ear infection; swimmer's ear; hearing loss; ear, face,
or neck pain; dizziness, ringing in the ears (tinnitus).
Pediatric Otolaryngology: diseases
in children with special ENT problems including birth defects in the
head and neck and developmental delays.
Examples: ear infection (otitis media), tonsil and adenoid infection,
airway problems, Downs syndrome, asthma and allergy/sinus disease.
Head and Neck: cancerous and
noncancerous tumors in the head and neck, including the thyroid and
parathyroid.
Examples: lump in the neck or thyroid, cancer of the voice box.
Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery:
cosmetic, functional, and reconstructive surgical treatment of abnormalities
of the face and neck.
Examples: deviated septum, rhinoplasty (nose), face lift, cleft palate,
drooping eyelids, hair loss.
Rhinology: disorders of the nose
and sinuses.
Examples: sinus disorder, nose bleed, stuffy nose, loss of smell.
Laryngology: disorders of the
throat, including voice and swallowing problems.
Examples: sore throat, hoarseness, swallowing disorder, gastroesophageal
reflux disease (GERD).
Allergy: treatment by medication,
immunotherapy (allergy shots) and/or avoidance of pollen, dust, mold,
food, and other sensitivities that affect the ear, nose, and throat.
Examples: hay fever, seasonal and perennial rhinitis, chronic sinusitis,
laryngitis, sore throat, otitis media, dizziness.
(Source: American Academy of Otolaryngology - Head
and Neck Surgery)